折纸技巧大全,折纸中的各种符号和专业术语代表什么意思

　　折纸技巧大全,折纸中的各种符号和专业术语代表什么意思？以下是折纸中会看到的折叠类型名称。请注意，如果在文本中适用，带连字符的形式表示动词，不带连字符的形式表示名词。

　　1、折叠 / 谷折(Fold / Valley fold)- 虚线显示折叠的位置，这条线称为折线。具有对称实心黑色箭头的箭头显示纸张的运动方向。

　　2、山折(Mountain fold)- 山折与谷折相反。它涉及将一些纸张折叠在背面，折线以点点虚线图案显示。白色钩形箭头显示纸张的运动方向。

　　3、打开(Unfold)- 对称的白色箭头表示打开。这通常与谷折结合在一个箭头中，文本将说"折叠然后打开"。

　　4、逆向折叠 / 内部逆向折叠(Reverse fold / Inside reverse fold)- 内部逆向折叠用于纸张的两个或更多层在一条称为脊柱的线上交汇的地方。脊柱向内推，由山折变成谷折。箭头显示运动方向。

　　5、外部逆向折叠(Outside reverse fold)- 外部逆向折叠与内部逆向折叠相反 - 谷折在前层，山折在后层。外部逆向折叠使纸张围绕自身折叠，使脊柱面向外部。

　　6、挤压折叠(Squash fold)- 挤压折叠用于对称地展开和平铺折叠的边缘。这类似于进行内部逆向折叠，但保持脊柱打开。

　　7、旋转折叠(Swivel fold)- 非对称的挤压折叠被称为旋转折叠。

　　8、兔耳折叠(Rabbit ear)- 兔耳折叠一次结合了三个谷折和一个山折。通常将已知三角形的三边同时放在一条线上。

　　9、Pleat(褶皱折叠)- 一次谷折和一次山折同时进行称为褶皱折叠。通常使用一对平行线来实现。图示通常会有一个符号来显示无法直接看到的纸张层的变化。

　　10、Preliminary fold(预折叠)- 标准的折纸基础之一被称为预折叠基础，如上图右侧所示。制作这个基础所使用的折叠经常重复，以至于它已经成为一种单独的折叠技巧，用来指代类似类型的折叠。水弹基础使用相同的折叠组合，但是将正方形旋转1/8圈，并如下图右侧所示。

　　11、Mixed reverse fold(混合逆向折叠)- 有时逆向折叠会涉及多个脊柱。这样的逆向折叠将在一个脊柱处结合内部逆向折叠，在另一个脊柱处结合外部逆向折叠。默认情况下，应该假定混合逆向折叠不会锁定任何纸张层。

　　12、Crimp(褶皱折叠)- 褶皱折叠是两个逆向折叠同时进行的组合。如果可以单独进行逆向折叠，文本通常会说"交替逆向折叠"而不是直接提到褶皱折叠。

　　13、Petal fold(花瓣折叠)- 花瓣折叠将两个并排的旋转折叠组合在一起。通常，这两个旋转折叠是彼此的镜像。

　　14、Double swivel fold(双旋转折叠)- 双旋转折叠将两个旋转折叠组合在一起，一个在前面，一个在后面。这有点像内部逆向折叠，但涉及到旋转一个部分隐藏的边缘。

　　15、Double rabbit ear(双兔耳折叠)- 双兔耳折叠将两个兔耳折叠组合在一起。通常，兔耳折叠是彼此的镜像，一个在正面，一个在背面。

　　16、展开式沉降(Spread-sink)- 展开式沉降类似于蒸馏折叠(squash fold)，有时也被称为展开式蒸馏或蒸馏沉降，但没有任何折痕终止于纸张的边缘。

　　17、打开沉降(Open sink)- 打开式沉降是最常见的沉降形式，最容易通过展开和压平要沉降的区域来完成。沿着整个折叠的环路捏紧一条山形脊线，然后将环路内部区域翻转。

　　18、闭合沉降(Closed sink)- 闭合沉降类似于打开式沉降，但它将纸张的层锁在一起。将所有的瓣片紧密地聚在一起，然后将顶部的点/边翻转。纸张无法完全展开和压平，而是在沉降过程中会呈现出锥形。

　　19、混合沉降(Mixed sink)- 某些沉降可能既不是完全打开的，也不是完全闭合的。如果模型需要混合沉降，则图示或文本会指定哪些瓣片需要保持自由或变成锁定状态。

　　20、双重沉降(Double sink)- 连续的沉降可以在一个图示中结合在一起(默认假设这些将是打开式沉降)。同样地，有时三个或更多的沉降可以以这种方式结合。文本通常会说"内外沉降"，而不是指定双重或三重沉降等，来表示这些常见的多重沉降。

　　21、未沉降(Unsink)- 有时需要以看起来像是撤销沉降的方式折叠一个点。这些是一些最棘手的单个动作，所以要耐心，并准备大幅度展开纸张以达到结果。

　　22、方盒伸展/伊莱亚斯伸展(Box stretch/Elias stretch)- 方盒伸展将褶皱的边缘拉直，使两侧的两个点更加尖锐。通常需要将纸张大幅度展开。这个动作通常在方盒褶皱或六角褶皱的设计中使用。

　　23、坍缩(Collapse)- 坍缩是一个包含了其他任何命名折叠未覆盖的组合折叠术语。通常情况下，这些步骤是最困难的。

　　以上文章由幻幻想折纸内容翻译而来，可能又翻译错误和不准确得地方，可以看英文原文如下：

　　These are the named types of fold you will see in this book. Note that, where applicable in the text, the hyphenated form of a manoeuvre is the verb and the non-hyphenated form is the noun.

　　Fold/valley fold – A dashed line shows where to make the fold, and this line is called the fold-line. An arrow with a symmetric solid black arrowhead shows the motion of the paper.

　　Mountain fold – A mountain fold is the opposite of a valley fold. It involves folding some paper behind, and the fold-line is shown with a dot-dot-dash pattern. A white hooked arrowhead shows the motion of the paper.

　　Unfold – A symmetric white arrowhead shows an unfold. This will often be combined with a valley fold in one arrow, and the text will say "fold and unfold".

　　Reverse fold/inside reverse fold – An inside reverse fold is used where two or more layers of paper meet at a line called a spine. The spine is pushed in on itself and changes orientation from a mountain to a valley. An arrow shows the direction of motion.

　　Outside reverse fold – An outside reverse fold is the opposite of an inside reverse fold – the valley fold is on the front layer and the mountain fold is on the back. An outside reverse fold wraps the paper around itself so that the spine faces outwards.

　　Squash fold – A squash fold is used to open out and flatten a folded edge symmetrically. This is like performing an inside reverse fold,but leaving the spine open.

　　Swivel fold – An asymmetric squash fold is called a swivel fold.

　　Rabbit ear – A rabbit ear combines three valley folds and amountain fold at once. Usually this brings all three sides of a known triangle to lie along one line.

　　Pleat – A valley fold and a mountain fold performed together is called a pleat. Often this is done with a pair of parallel lines.

　　A diagram will usually have a symbol to show what is happening to layers of paper that can't be seen directly.

　　Preliminary fold – One of the standard origami bases is called the Preliminary Base, shown on the right above. The folds used in making this base are replicated frequently enough that it has become a manoeuvre in its own right to refer to a similar type of fold. A Waterbomb Base uses the same combination of folds, but begins with the square rotated an 1/8 of a turn, and is shown on the right below.

　　Mixed reverse fold – Sometimes a reverse fold will involve multiple spines. Such a reverse fold will combine an inside reverse fold at one spine and an outside reverse fold at another. By default, it should be assumed that the mixed reverse fold doesn't lock any layers.

　　Crimp – A crimp is a combination of two reverse folds performed at the same time. Where the reverse folds can be performed individually, the text will often say "reverse-fold in and out" rather than directly referring to a crimp.

　　Petal fold – A petal fold combines two swivel folds which are side by side. Often the two swivel folds are mirror images of each other.

　　Double swivel fold – A double swivel fold combines two swivel folds, one in front of the other. This is a bit like an inside reverse fold, but involves rotating a partially hidden edge.

　　Double rabbit ear – A double rabbit ear combines two rabbit ears. Usually the rabbit ears are mirror images of each other with one on the front and one on the back.

　　Spread-sink – A spread sink is like a squash fold (and is sometimes called a spread squash or squash sink), but doesn't have any folds terminating at the edge of the paper.

　　Open sink – The standard form of sink is the open sink which is most easily performed by opening and flattening the region to be sunk, pinching a mountain ridge along the entire folded loop, then inverting the area within the loop.

　　Closed sink – A closed sink is like an open sink, except it locks the layers of paper together. Hold all flaps together and invert the point/edge at the top. The paper cannot be fully opened and flattened, but instead, the paper will resemble a cone during the sink.

　　Mixed sink – It is possible for a sink to be neither fully open nor fully closed. If a model requires a mixed sink, then either a diagram or the text will specify which flaps need to remain free or become locked.

　　Double sink – Successive sinks can be combined in one diagram (and by default assume that these will be open sinks). Similarly, sometimes three or more sinks can be combined in this way. The text will usually say "sink in and out" rather than naming a double or triple sink etc. for these general multi-sinks.

　　Unsink – Sometimes a point needs to be folded in a way that looks like the undoing of a sink. These are some of the trickiest individual manoeuvres, so be patient and be prepared to open up the paper significantly to achieve the result.

　　Box stretch/Elias stretch – A box stretch straightens the edge of pleats to sharpen two points on either side. The paper often has to be opened out significantly. This manoeuvre is usually performed in box-pleated or hex-pleated designs.

　　Collapse – A collapse is the catch-all term for a combination of folds not covered by any other named fold. Naturally, these are often the most difficult steps.

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